What are the Accepted Cholesterol Guidelines?

Total cholesterol refers to the sum of the cholesterol contained in all lipoproteins in the blood. A high total cholesterol indicates that the body's liver and lungs begin to undergo substantial lesions. The total cholesterol level of the population mainly depends on genetic factors and lifestyle. Total cholesterol includes free cholesterol and cholesterol esters, and the liver is the main organ for synthesis and storage. Cholesterol is an important raw material for the synthesis of physiologically active substances such as adrenocortical hormones, sex hormones, bile acids and vitamin D. It is also the main component of the cell membrane. Its serum concentration can be used as an indicator of lipid metabolism.

High total cholesterol

Total cholesterol refers to the sum of the cholesterol contained in all lipoproteins in the blood. A high total cholesterol indicates that the body's liver and lungs begin to undergo substantial lesions. The total cholesterol level of the population mainly depends on genetic factors and lifestyle. Total cholesterol includes free cholesterol and cholesterol esters, and the liver is the main organ for synthesis and storage. Cholesterol is synthetic

The test for total cholesterol belongs to blood lipids, which refers to fats in human plasma, including triglycerides (also called neutral fats), cholesterol and

(1) Formation of bile acid: bile production: stored in the gallbladder by the liver, mixed with digested fat after being released into the human small intestine; the function of bile is to turn large particles of fat into small particles, making it easy to be called the small intestine J1 spoon enzyme action. In the tail of the small intestine, 85% to 95% of bile is reabsorbed into the blood, the liver reabsorbs bile acid to make it circulate continuously, and the remaining bile (5X to 15%) is excreted from the body with feces. The liver needs to produce new bile acid to make up for this 5% to 15% loss, and cholesterol is needed at this time.

(2) Constitute the cell membrane: Cholesterol is an important component of the cell membrane. The cell membrane surrounds every cell in the human body. Bq sterol is its basic constituent. Some people have found that feeding animals with cholesterol-deficient food results in increased red blood cell fragility in these animals, which can easily cause cell rupture. Therefore, it is conceivable that without cholesterol, cells cannot maintain normal physiological functions and life will be terminated.

(3) Synthetic hormone: Hormones are chemical messengers for different cellular metabolism in the multicellular organism. They are involved in the metabolism of various substances in the body, including the metabolism of sugar, protein, fat, water, electrolytes and minerals. The normal physiological functions of the human body are very important. Various hormones released by the human adrenal cortex and gonads, such as cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, estradiol and vitamin D are steroid hormones, and the precursor substance is cholesterol. ^[1]

(1) Exogenous intake. Almost all of the cholesterol in the diet comes from animal foods. Among them, poultry eggs and animal organs and brains are the most abundant. Most of the cholesterol in food is free (free) cholesterol, and a small amount is cholesterol ester. After eating, the free cholesterol in the food is combined with phospholipids and bile salts in the small intestine cavity to form fine particles, which are absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells and combined with long-chain fatty acids to form cholesterol esters. Most of the cholesterol esters form chylomicrons and a small amount constitutes very low density lipoproteins, which enter the blood circulation through the lymphatic system. Cholesterol esters need to be hydrolyzed to free cholesterol by pancreatic cholesterol esterase before they can be absorbed by the body. About 40% of cholesterol in food can be absorbed by the small intestine.

(2) Endogenous synthesis. Under normal circumstances, more than half of the cholesterol required by the body is synthesized by the body itself. Endogenous cholesterol is synthesized from acetic acid in the liver and small intestinal mucosa. Acetyl-CoA, which is produced from the metabolism of sugars, proteins, and fats, is the substrate for the synthesis of cholesterol. The synthesis process is affected by B-hydroxy-p-methylglutarate Catalyzed by coenzyme A reductase, the cholesterol produced also enters the blood circulation in the form of lipoproteins. Normal adults can synthesize about 19 cholesterol per day, almost all cells in the body can synthesize cholesterol, and the liver is the most vigorous organ in the body to synthesize cholesterol, accounting for more than half of the synthetic weight, followed by the small intestine and skin. ^[1]

Regarding the reasonable diet structure of patients with high cholesterol in general, relevant experts summarize it into two sentences, namely "one, two, three, four, five" and "red, yellow, green, white, and black".

The first sentence is "one, two, three, four, five": "one" refers to drinking 1 bag of milk daily, containing 250 mg of calcium, which not only supplements calcium and protein, but also reduces the incidence of hyperlipidemia . "Second" is suggested to use the traditional Chinese medicine group Fang Daicha tea drink, which is a classic Chinese medicine group, twice a day. Long-term drinking can have a good control effect. "Three" refers to eating 3 high-protein foods each day, each serving can be 50 grams of lean meat, or 1 egg, or 100 grams of chicken and duck meat, or 100 grams of fish and shrimp, or 100 grams of tofu, as early as daily 1 for lunch, lunch, and dinner; "four" means "not sweet and not salty, thick and fine, three to five meals, seventy to eighty percent full", that is, three, four, or five meals per day, each You can eat 70% to 80%. "Five" refers to eating 500 grams of vegetables and fruits daily, generally eating 400 grams of vegetables and 100 grams of fruits daily.

The second sentence is "red, yellow, green, white, and black": "Red" refers to 50-100 ml of red wine that can be consumed daily, which helps raise high-density lipoproteins in the blood and can prevent atherosclerosis . In addition to eating 1-2 tomatoes daily, in addition to reducing blood pressure, the incidence of prostate cancer in men can be reduced by 45%. "Yellow" refers to carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, corn, etc., and one of them should be consumed in an appropriate amount every day. "Green" refers to drinking green tea and eating dark green vegetables. They contain vitamin C, tea polyphenols, and theophylline, which have various functions such as degreasing and lowering blood pressure. "White" refers to oatmeal (or oatmeal), which can be taken in an appropriate amount every day, usually boiled with 50 grams of water for 5 to 10 minutes a day, mixed with milk and used to lower blood fat. "Black" refers to black fungus or shiitake mushrooms. Every day, 10 grams of black fungus or 100 grams of shiitake mushrooms can be used. After foaming, they can be cooked and used in dishes, which can reduce blood lipids and other functions. ^[2]

3.12 to 5.98 mmol / L

Barley: This grain destroys LDL (bad cholesterol) and glycerin

1.

It is now recognized that proper physical exercise can reduce serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipoprotein values.

1. Types and forms of exercise: Mainly endurance sports, such as jogging, fast walking, going up and down, cycling, swimming, etc.
2. Exercise intensity: Indirectly assessed by the degree of acceleration of heart rate during exercise, generally controlled at 100 to 145 beats / min, or the heart rate accelerated to 75% of the maximum predicted value (maximum predicted value = 210-age).
3 Exercise time and frequency: Generally 30 to 45 minutes / time, 3 to 5 times per week is appropriate. Make 5-10 minutes of preparatory movements before exercise, and there should also be a 5-10 minute deceleration period before the end of exercise.
4 If you have coronary heart disease, exercise should be under the guidance of a doctor.

1. 100 grams of fresh kelp or water kelp, 50 grams of mung beans, 500 ml of water, 1 to 2 bowls of porridge daily. For hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure and phlegm heat.
2. Take about 10 cm of the lower stem of celery and 20 branches with roots, wash, add 500 ml of water, and fry 200 ml for head juice and add honey orally. Fry the second juice in the same way. Fasting is best. Suitable for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension liver yang, blood stasis, and phlegm.

Another method: honey celery juice: fresh celery in moderation. Wash and squeeze the juice, add 20 grams of acacia flower honey, drink 2 to 3 times a day, one tablespoon each time, and drink before meals. It has a good effect on reducing total cholesterol, urethral stones, prostatitis, dermatitis .

Honey has been regarded as an excellent nutritious food since ancient times. The main component of honey is sugar. The sum of fructose and glucose accounts for 85% to 95% of honey sugar. Mineral content is generally 0.04% to 0.06%, including iron, copper, potassium, sodium, tungsten, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, lead, chromium, nickel and cobalt. In addition, honey also contains B vitamins, vitamin C, as well as niacin and pantothenic acid. The function of germanium in the human body is manifold. First, because it has dehydrogenation ability, it can maintain sufficient oxygen in the body, effectively reduce the problem of high cholesterol, and thus maintain human health. In the human body, the decomposition of food is carried out by means of oxygen. During food decomposition, oxygen is consumed and water and carbon dioxide are produced simultaneously. Without sufficient oxygen, the body may cause diseases. Germanium can take hydrogen ions out of the human body and reduce the need for oxygen, which is beneficial to health. Japanese scientists have added a polymer of dimethyl germanium oxide to honey, which has become a best-selling health product.
3 Stir fry or boil the onion with seasoning, avoid animal oil. Eat 100 grams daily. It is suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia with hypertension and coronary heart disease myocardial infarction.
4 Garlic juice is taken orally every other day in moderation. For hyperlipidemia myocardial infarction, phlegm and stasis.
5. 10 grams of hawthorn, 10 grams of chrysanthemum flowers, 15 grams of cassia seeds, Jiantang substitute tea daily service. It is suitable for those with hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, partial taste of thick paste and hyperactivity of liver yang with hypertension.

6. 50-100 grams of dried peanut shells, decoction after washing, 1 dose daily. Suitable for hyperlipidemia and spleen deficiency.
7. 50 grams of lotus leaf, fried daily. Suitable for hyperlipidemia and wet turbidity.