What Is Christian Syndrome?

Christianity is an important part of European life. Therefore, as the main place for the spread of religious activities, most of the churches have a long history, and they are scattered throughout urban and rural areas, becoming an important part of cities and towns.

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10th century, 11th century

1. The plane is generally cross-shaped;

2. The towering towers are mostly bamboo shoots;

3. Inclined columns reinforce thin walls to form a special exterior wall structure;

Catholic church architecture is divided into four levels:

Chapel: There is a priest / principal resident in the church.

Church / church (Church): Usually the preaching area / pastoral area, there are chief priests / priests, churches with many members / members and even deacons / assistants.

Cathedral: The diocesan bishop resides.

Basilica: Also known as a temple, usually where the archbishop / archbishop is located, or where special religious deeds occur, such as

The following countries have more than 10 apostolic temples: Italy (531), France (167),

Church World

St. Peter's Basilica

In Europe, wherever you go, the most you can see

St. Peter's Basilica

The splendid, most dazzling, and most artistically appealing buildings are undoubtedly those churches with their own characteristics. European churches are not only a reflection of architectural art, but also a comprehensive reflection of the profound connotation of European culture from one side. No matter where you are visiting or traveling in Europe, visiting a church is one of the essential and important contents.

I visited many churches when I visited several European countries, but what impressed me most were the most famous churches in the world. For example, the world-famous Notre Dame Cathedral is a Gothic Catholic church that opened the history of European architecture; St. Mark's Church in the center of Venice, the "Water City", is known by the writer Hugo as the most beautiful church in the world; Moscow Red The Vasily Boranov church on the side of the field is as distinctive and striking as the magnificent bell tower. However, the one that can combine all the essence of the church's barracuda is St. Peter's Church, the largest Catholic church in the world, located in Vatican City, northwestern Rome, Italy.

St. Peter's Church is magnificent. It is located on the side of St. Peter's Square. Construction began in 1450 and was completed by the end of 1626. The entire church is about 200 meters long and 130 meters wide at its widest point. The height from the ground to the top cross of the dome dome reaches 137 meters. The church is large and can accommodate more than 50,000 people at the same time.

St. Peter's Church is famous not only because it is the largest church in the world, but also because it is an Italian Renaissance architect and artist Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante, and Sagallo Jr. Wait for the masterpiece's common masterpiece. At the right corner of the church's main entrance, Michelangelo's 25-year-old sculpture masterpiece "Mother Love", Virgin Mary clasped his right hand tightly to Jesus, who was covered in bruises after the crucifixion, and her left hand was slightly open, her eyes staring down, distraught. To the left of the door is the "Holy Water Bowl" by Bernini's sculpture. The bowl is in the shape of a shell, and two young and playful little angels each hold one side and are carved from mica stone.

The large dome of the St. Peter's Church hall is unique, it is a masterpiece of Michelangelo's later years, and it was not completed by other architects until 26 years after his death. The dome is 71 meters in circumference and 42.34 meters in diameter. Looking up, there are colorful mosaics and glass windows on the top of the inner wall of the dome, and the visitors seem to be independent under the sky. There are also many murals and sculptures of Renaissance artists in the church, which are amazing.

Milan cathedral

Italy's most famous Gothic church is the Milan Cathedral, which was one of the largest churches in the Middle Ages in Europe. Construction began in the 1880s and was not completed until the early 19th century. The interior of the church is separated by four rows of huge columns, up to 49 meters wide. The central hall is about 45 meters high, and at the intersection of the transverse wing and the central hall, it rises to more than 65 meters, with an octagonal light booth above it. The middle hall is rarely higher than the side hall, and the side height window is very small. The interior is relatively dark, and the exterior of the building is made of dazzling white marble. Tall flower windows, upright buttresses, and 135 minarets all show upward momentum, and the statue on top of the tower seems to be soaring. To the west is the Italian gable, which is also decorated with many Gothic minarets. But its doors and windows already have the style of the late Renaissance. In addition, during this period, the secular architecture of Italian cities was very successful, especially in many rich urban republics, many famous municipal buildings and mansions were built. The town hall is generally located in the central square of the city. The rough stone walls are serious and heavy; most of them are equipped with thin and tall clock towers, which have rich architectural composition and become the symbol of the square. Many high towers are generally built in cities, and the overall outline is beautiful.

Seville Cathedral

Seville Cathedral (CatedraldeSevillay) is Spain

Seville Cathedral

Famous religious place in Seville, the capital city of the southern Andalusia district. The city of Seville is located on the left bank of the Guadalquivir River, 12 kilometers away from the estuary. It is an inland river port, which can be used for sea vessels during high tide. From 711 to 1248, it was the capital of the kingdom built by the Goths and Moors. Tourism is developed due to places of interest and traffic conditions. It is one of the five cathedrals in the world. It is the third largest cathedral in the world after Rome s St. Peter s Basilica and Italy s Milan Cathedral. The church was built in the early 15th century and was rebuilt on the site of the original Islamic monastery. to make.

Florence Cathedral

Florence Cathedral is a famous Italian god

Florence Cathedral

church. Located in Florence, Italy, it is a gem of Italian Renaissance architecture. It is one of the five cathedrals in the world and the fourth cathedral in the world. Florence Cathedral was built as a republican monument after the Guilds seized power from the nobility in the late 13th century. The type system is very original. Although it is generally a Latin cross, it has broken the church's prohibition, and designed the eastern opera scene to be approximately centralized. It is expected to use a dome. In the early 15th century, Brunelleschi set out to design the dome.

Notre Dame Cathedral

Notre Dame Cathedral was built in 1163, and it was not completed until the 13th century. From the facade of Notre Dame, a pure pointed arch has been formed. The whole plane is still cross-shaped, but the east-west direction is longer than the north-south direction. The bottom is recessed, which is quite valuable. The typical giant tower replacing the Romanesque building is the small minaret at the cross-shaped intersection, its towering makes the whole building even more towering.

On the west side of Notre Dame are two towering giant towers. The tower has three floors, and the lower floor houses the King's Gallery. On the second floor is a large rose window in the center of the heaven.

Sculpture is an indispensable decoration in Notre Dame, with plant motifs and fantasy monsters; and large stained glass windows make the building form an illusion of a sacred god and strengthen the sacred religious color of the church.

I once staged such a classic love story,

Notre Dame Cathedral

I believe it is also a good place to witness love. Notre Dame is located in the heart of Paris. The city's developments all surround the Xidi Island and use this as a focus to expand outwards in a concentric circle. In addition, Notre Dame combines the architectural characteristics of classic and modern Paris, and has gradually become a French Religion, art and tourism center, so the French set the entrance of Notre Dame as the origin, and then calculated the coordinates of other French cities, so when people stand in front of Notre Dame, they are in the center of France It is conceivable how important the status of Notre Dame in the eyes of the French. In addition to its excellent location, Notre Dame is the leader in Gothic architecture. The church has a majestic appearance, detailed carvings, and a symmetrical and beautiful structure. It has a unique aesthetic whether it is viewed from a distance or from a distance. To appreciate the magnificent appearance of its minarets and flying wall beams, it is best viewed from the causeway on the left bank of the Seine-Marne river, so when I went to Notre Dame, I also chose to walk along the Seine-Marne river. From far to near, from outside to inside, feel the unique architectural beauty of this cathedral.

Cologne Cathedral

Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom,

Cologne Cathedral

The full name is Hohe Domkirche St. Peter und Maria), a Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany, and an iconic building in Cologne. Of all the churches, it ranks second in Germany (second only to Ulm Cathedral in Ulm) and third in the world. In terms of scale, it is the largest church in northern Europe. Combining grandeur and detail, it is known as the perfect example of Gothic church architecture. It was built in 1248, and the project was intermittent. It was not completed until 1880 by Kaiser Wilhelm I. It took more than 600 years, and it is still under repair.

Rio cathedral

Rio Cathedral is also known as the Ladder Church. After 12 years, it was finally completed and put into use in 1976. Her style is very different from the ancient European churches of the same period. The main building of the Rio Cathedral is a modern building with a cone-shaped top, stylish shapes, and a pyramid-shaped reinforced concrete as the main building material. The church is 80 meters high with a base diameter of 106 meters and can accommodate 20,000 people.

St. Paul's Cathedral

St. Paul's Cathedral,

Rio cathedral

Located in London, United Kingdom, at the corner of Newgate Street and Newchage Street on the north bank of the Thames in London, the representative of Baroque architecture, known for its spectacular round roofs, is the second largest domed church in the world. It is one of the five cathedrals in the world and the fifth cathedral in the world. It imitates St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and is representative of English classicism.

Santa Maria Cathedral

The Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The dome structure of the church as a form of design has swept through almost all churches built during the Renaissance. Inspired by ancient Rome, the shape inherits the majestic and majestic Pantheon. However, they are significantly different. Built in 1499, the Cathedral of Santa Maria is located at the end of Via Nassa, the main street of Lugano. It has an unobtrusive appearance, but it contains the Passion of Christ, the largest Renaissance mural in Switzerland Bernardino Luini, the author of this mural, is the proud disciple of Da Vinci, who completed this delicate mural in 1529.

Monastery of santa maria

Byzantine architecture in the monastery of Santa Maria

St. Paul's Cathedral

Byzantium was originally a colonial city of ancient Greece and Rome. Its architecture can be divided into three stages according to national development:

I. Early period: The period of prosperity (4th to 6th centuries), mainly to build Constantinople in the form of the ancient Roman city. In the 6th century, the grand Hagia Sophia centered on a dome.

2. Mid-term: (7th-12th centuries), due to successive invasions by foreign enemies, the land has been reduced, buildings have been reduced, and the scale has not been as great as before. Its characteristic is that it occupies a small area and develops high. The central large dome is gone. It has been changed into several small domes and focuses on decoration, such as the church of San Marco in Venice.

3. Late period: (13th-15th centuries), the Crusade's several expeditions caused great losses to the New Year Zhan Empire. At this time, there were not many buildings and no new creations, and most of them were damaged after Turkey became a master.

Modena Cathedral

The church is centralized, 77.0 meters long from east to west, and 71.0 meters long from north to south. The layout belongs to the Basilica style covered by a dome. The central dome is prominent, with similar tetrahedrons but with emphasis. There is a large yard in front, two gates at the south entrance, and a semicircular shrine at the end. The central large dome is 32.6 meters in diameter and the dome is 54.8 meters above the ground. It is supported on four pillars by sail arches. Its lateral thrust is balanced by two semi-domes in the east and west and two large pier piers in the north and south. The interior space is rich and changeable. Below and below the dome, between the large and small spaces, the upper and lower spaces penetrate into each other. The 40 holes in the bottom of the dome are densely arranged.

St. Apolilla Church

The Roman Jesuit church has a rectangular plane and a shrine protruding from the end. It evolved from the Latin cross commonly used in Gothic churches. The central hall is wide and the vault is full of statues and decorations. Two rows of small prayer rooms replaced the original side porch on both sides. A dome was raised in the middle of the cross. The church's altar is rich and free to decorate, and the mountain flowers above break through the classical French style, making icons and decorative light. The facade of the church draws on the approach of the small Santa Maria church in Florence designed by Alberti, an early Renaissance architect. The layered eaves and mountain flowers above the main door are made into overlapping arcs and triangles, and leaning columns and flat wall columns are used on both sides of the gate. Two large scrolls were made on the upper and lower sides of the facade. These treatments were unique and later widely imitated. The Baroque style broke the blind worship of the ancient Roman architecture theorist Vitruvius, and also broke through the clear rules and regulations established by the late Renaissance classicalists, reflecting the secular thoughts of longing for freedom. On the other hand, the baroque churches are magnificent and can create a quite strong atmosphere of mystery, which also meets the requirements of the Catholic Church to show off wealth and pursue mystery. As a result, Baroque architecture spread from Europe to the Americas as soon as it began. Some Baroque architectures are too chasing after luxury, even to the point of being cumbersome.

St. Titian Abbey

Famous churches in the French heyday are also the Mother Church of Reims and Chartres.

St. Titian Abbey

The church, together with the main church of Beauvais, is known as the four largest Gothic churches in France. The Strasbourg Mother Church is also famous, with its spire 142 meters high. After the Centennial War, France hardly built churches in the 14th century. By the time the Gothic architecture was revived, it had reached the flame pattern period, and this style was named after the flames of the universe. Building decoration tends to be "mobile" and complex. The beam column often has no stigma, and many thin columns reach the vault from the ground and become ribs. Decorative ribs appear on the vault, and the ribs become star or other complex forms. At that time, large churches were rarely built. This style is often found in the additions or alterations of the cathedral, as well as in lesser new churches.

Xiadong Cathedral

After the 15th century, German stonework reached its peak. The stone carving window trowel is exquisite, exquisite and gorgeous. Sometimes the two layers of stone carved window flowers with different patterns overlap, exquisite and clear. The decorative sketches inside the building are also full of exquisite masterpieces. The secular buildings of the German Gothic period were mostly built with brick and stone. The double-sloped roof has a steep attic, and even a multi-level attic. There are layers of windows on the roof and the mountain wall. Light wooden windows, balconies or niches are often selected on the wall, which has a distinctive appearance.

List of world famous churches

St. Peter's Basilica Sistine Chapel (Vatican) Milan Cathedral Florence Cathedral Pisa Cathedral San Marco (Italy) Seville Cathedral Escorial Cathedral Toledo Cathedral Burgos Cathedral (Spain) Notre Dame Cathedral Amiens Cathedral Vezelay Cathedral Chartres Cathedral (France) Cologne Cathedral, Aachen Cathedral, Speyer Cathedral (Germany) Rio Cathedral (Brazil) St Paul's Cathedral Westminster Church Canterbury Cathedral (UK) Holy Sepulchre Cathedral (Israel) St. John's Cathedral, St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral (USA) Sofia Cathedral (Turkey) Ascension Vasily Cathedral Kazan Cathedral Sergei Holy Trinity Cathedral Peter Paul Cathedral Smolen Cathedral (Russia) Kiev-Pechersk Cathedral (Ukraine) St. Jeremiah's Cathedral, Batalha Cathedral (Portugal) Monolithic Church (Ethiopia) Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Cathedral of Puebla, Mexico (Mexico) Luhan Catholic Church (Argentina) Holy Cross Cathedral (Poland)

Church China

Vidtor Catholic Church of Zhanjiang, Guangdong

Located at Luyin Road, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province

Vidtor Catholic Church of Zhanjiang, Guangdong (4 photos)

, Also known as Xiashan Catholic Church, towering, solemn, surrounded by flowers and trees, is the only Gothic church in Zhanjiang and one of the key churches in the country.

Catholicism entered after the French emperor invaded Guangzhou Bay (now known as Zhanjiang). In 1900, French priest Fan Lan proposed to build a church during the presidency in Guangzhou Bay, and was built by the church in 1903. The masonry reinforced concrete structure, the double-pointed stone tower, a building area of about 600 square meters, the hall can accommodate nearly dry people, was the largest Gothic church in South China at that time. In 1991, it was listed as the city's key cultural relics protection unit. ^[1]

Sishku Church

Sorrowful memory of Sishku church

If God had also paid attention to the people of Beijing, he would surely remember this sad history caused by him a hundred years ago.

Catholicism was introduced to China in the Yuan Dynasty. Although the church was also built in Beijing at that time, the development of the Catholic Church was interrupted with the fall of the Yuan Dynasty. Until the 16th century, due to the opening of new routes and the impact of Western colonial policies, the development of the Catholic Church in China was again Gradually warm up. In the tenth year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1582), Italian missionary Matteo Ricci came to China to preach, and the following year established a mission church in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. The Catholic Church gradually entered China and took root in the Mainland.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Catholicism developed smoothly in China

Sishku Church

, Clergy members like Tang Ruowang, Nan Huairen, etc., have received considerable courtesy and even become courtiers. However, due to the contradictions and conflicts with Chinese politics and culture, and the ritual dispute over whether Chinese worshippers are allowed to worship their ancestors and worship Confucius, a hundred-year ban on teaching from the late Kangxi period has been made, which has greatly affected the development of Catholicism in China. frustration. This situation continued until after the Opium War of Daoguang in 22nd year (1842), the "Nanjing Treaty" signed between the Qing court and the United Kingdom did not release the restraint of Catholicism in China. Since then, with the political and military intervention of the great powers in China, Catholicism has developed rapidly in China. By the end of the 19th century, missionaries from various countries had established churches in most provinces, states, and counties, especially after the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War. The number of churches has increased sharply to more than 4,000, and there are nearly 1 million religious members.

Religious beliefs are originally a cultural heritage, and have a great correlation with the history and customs of the country. However, due to the different national conditions and cultural differences in each country, it can sometimes cause irreparable regrets and disasters. The "Gengzi Incident" triggered by the conflict between the Boxer and Catholicism in 1900 is a specific historical fact of this regret.

In the "Gengzi Incident", many churches in Beijing, including the East Church, the South Church, the West Church, and the North Church, were burned and attacked by the Boxers. Especially on June 21, 1900, when Cixi issued a "declaration of war" to all countries, the Qing Army also assisted the group to attack the church and the embassy. Among them, the attack on the Beitang Xishku Church was the worst. The church's church members were all killed and wounded.

From June 16, 1900 to August 14, about 10,000 names, regiments, and the Qing Army jointly attacked the Sishku church served by the French Catholic Archbishop Fan Guoliang. In addition to religious activities in China, Fan Guoliang also served the interests of French aggression in China for a long time. Therefore, after the incident, he borrowed some sailors from the French and Italian embassies, together with about 3,000 Chinese believers at the time To armed resistance against the Boxer attacks. Because he had a close relationship with Rong Lu, the then-ministerial military minister at the time, under Rong Lu's instruction, the Qing army did not have to storm, and mixed the entire batch of scraps in the allotted attacking shells, resulting in a long knife and hard work. The attackers of the church suffered heavy casualties under the machine gun fire of the French and Italian forces. For dozens of days of siege, the Boxer had no way to invade the church, but just to let more group members and church members, in this incident no one can tell right or wrong, complained and died.

I think even today, a hundred years later, in different positions and thinking about China's vicissitudes of historical disaster from different angles, each country that participated in the war at the time will have different comments or arguments. Like an unfinished game, no one can find the final outcome. But perhaps God may remember this sentimental past in China, and in his kind heart, there should be a clear judgment.

Linyi Church

Linyi Catholic Church is the only ancient Romanesque cathedral in Shandong Province.

center. It stands in the middle of Lanshan Road in Linyi City. It is one of the ancient buildings in Linyi City. Its characteristics are: arched dome, large stone pillar, carved stigma and so on. [1] Linyi Catholic Church broke ground in 1903. After nearly ten years, the project was completed in 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China). It has a history of more than 100 years. It is a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

Construction time

Construction broke ground in 1903, and after nearly ten years, the project was completed in 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China). Because it was in the era of warlords in the late Qing Dynasty, this caused great obstacles to construction. It is reported that the large stone pillars in the church were borrowed from the waterway of the Yihe River to Linyi. The statue of the Virgin and the ancient tiles on the altar were also airlifted from Germany to Linyi. The construction of the church was also donated by priests from Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

Architectural style

Ancient Roman architecture was built by the Romans along the Etruscans on the Apennine peninsula.

Linyi Church

Architectural technology is an architectural style that inherits the achievements of ancient Greek architecture and has extensive innovations in architectural form, technology and art. Ancient Roman architecture reached its peak in ancient Western architecture in the first to third centuries. Books and drawings of ancient Roman architecture began to be introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. Italian missionary Matteo Ricci requested 3 volumes of the "Ancient Roman Maps" album from Italy to store in the Beijing Jesuit Library.

Building process

In 1892, the German Episcopalian Lunan Acting Bishop An Zhitai and the Italian Fr.Fr Joseph Frost transferred the Catholic faith from Wangzhuang in Yishui County to Yizhou (now Linyi City). In 1903, German priest Nuo Guangxun came to Linyi, and under the guidance of Fr. Joseph Joseph, he completed the building of the Bishop's House in 1905. The Mercy Hall was built in 1907 to adopt a baby girl. Construction broke ground in 1903, and after ten years, under the guidance of Father Joseph F. Joseph, German priest Nuo Guangxun, with the help of German, Dutch, and Belgian donations, in 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), a magnificent fundraising was completed Romanesque Linyi Cathedral.

Church area

The church is 17.5 meters wide, 43.2 meters long, and the bell tower is 36 meters high. The overall area is 854 square meters and can accommodate more than 1,000 people. The Cathedral of Linyi Diocese was the tallest building in Linyi City at that time.