What causes postoperative nausea and vomiting?
Studies suggest that complex combinations of factors are responsible for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients. Scientists believe that types of anesthesia and surgery, patient predisposition to nausea and vomiting, and other factors contribute to this problem. Medicines administered before and after surgery may also be partially to blame. The use of volatile anesthetics, a type of anesthesia supplied by inhalation seems to play a role. However, due to only a small reduction in PONV in the use of other types of anesthesia, medical scientists believe that other factors may be more important.
The use of opioid drugs immediately before and after surgery contributes to postoperative nausea and vomiting. In addition to using inhalation anesthetics and opioid drugs, some surgery can also undergo some of these symptoms as well. Belly surgery, including bariatric and laparoscobrázky, tends to be particularly problematic. Among other types of surgery with increased risk of postoperativeNausea include gynecological and ear, nose and neck. Studies have shown that age is a factor in patients in the age group 6 to 16 with the highest risk. Adult patients are more vulnerable than men for men. Obese patients, smokers and people who experience physical diseases also experience this side effect more often. Other risk factors related to the patient include anxiety and both prolonged fasting and eating before surgery.
vomiting after surgery can continue even after the patient is released from the hospital. Scientists report that it is not just a complication that can cause the patient a risk, but it is also a primary complaint of those who experience severe nausea after surgery. It is evaluated even higher than the pain as a negative side effect. Studies show that patients are willing to pay extra to avoid ponv.
drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting often have sideEffects can interfere with other drugs that the patient is taking and are not quite effective. As a result, they are usually used only when the patient has a combination of factors indicating a high risk for this reaction. Studies have shown that acupuncture or acupressure can reduce postoperative nausea, although there are some conflict evidence of its effectiveness for vomiting.
Although the severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting is very different, it is estimated that an average of 25 to 50% of patients experience some form after general anesthesia and surgery. Some estimates range from up to 80%, indicating the severity of the problem. Nausea and vomiting cause anxiety to the patient and can delay the release from the hospital's operation, increasing costs and complications of the patient. Physical stress of vomiting can also be dangerous, causing damage to the area of surgery. In order to reduce this problem, studies are continued to help to determine the causes and corrective measures.