What is nephrolithotomy?

nephrolithotomy is a surgery that removes kidney stones. The most common method is percutaneous nephrolithotomy, in which a small cut and tools inserted by the tube are made at the back to remove stones. Open operations that include a larger cut to access to direct access to kidneys are not very often performed, but may be required if the stone is particularly large or cannot be removed in another way. Surgery is usually recommended only when the patient is unable to naturally pass through the kidney stone of urine and when other techniques for breaking stone (such as Lithotrips) are not successful.

What are the kidney stones?

calm stones are formed when urine is super-estimated by certain minerals, including calcium and urinary acid. They may occur in patients who have low urine output, eliminate a lot of salt or have acidic urine. Kidney stones move in size from microscopic crystals to the size of a golf ball, D can sometimespass from the body in a stream of urine. If they are large, their passage from the kidneys, through the urethra and the body can be very painful.

When is surgery suitable?

surgeon will usually perform nephrolithotomy only if the stone or stones are very large - larger than 1 inch (2 cm) in diameter - or irregularly shaped. Medical experts usually try other, more conservative methods, such as waiting for naturally or using drugs that help relax the urinary system so that the stone can go through before it recommends more invasive treatment. However, stones that cause extreme pain, infection or that block urine flow must be removed. The operation has 95% success rate.

surgery

patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy receive a general, regional or backbone anesthesia before the procedure. The position of the kidney stone must first be determined and then inThe patient's lower back will make a small cut. The needle passes through the needle through the cut into the kidney and the needle passes through the guide. The tube is then passed through the guide conductor and the stone is removed by the tube. If the surgeon crushes the stone with shock waves or laser before removal, the procedure is known as nephrolithrips.

open nephrolithotomy is usually performed under general anesthesia. A larger cut is made on the back or on the patient's side to see the affected kidney. The organization is then cut to remove all stones. Because this type of surgery requires larger cuts, there is a greater risk of bleeding or infection than in percutaneous nephrolithotomy and can take longer than recover. The open procedure is rare and is usually performed only when the stone is extremely large or if the kidney access is available using percutaneous method.

after surgery

patient who undergo one surgery can often expect to remain in the hospitalane two or three days after the procedure. He or she will most likely have both the urinary catheter and the nephrostomic tube leading directly from the kidneys to release the urine several days after the operation. Patients will be encouraged to drink large amounts of water during the healing process; It's normal to have some blood in the urine. Most people can return to work after a few weeks.

patients should expect some pain and fatigue after surgery, but they should start to stand and breed as soon as medical staff says it is safe. This can help prevent the development of blood clots. Breathing exercises can also be recommended to prevent lung infections. The patient may be able to eat ice tokens and a small amount of water on the first day after surgery, but usually start returning to a normal diet in one or two days.

risks

The risks of nepholithotomy include bleeding that may occur if the blood vessels in the organ are damaged during surgery. The kidney may be nicknamedAnna scalpel, but this complication is not serious and usually repaired. A rare but more serious complication is the injury of organs near the kidneys; In some cases, the spleen, liver or gallbladder were damaged. Any surgery has a risk of infection.

In some cases, percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be converted to open if the surgeon encounters problems during the procedure. Open surgery has a greater risk of infection and a longer recovery period.

Further treatment

Before performing surgery, the medical professional can recommend extra -total lithotrips (ESWL). This treatment uses strong sound waves to break the stones, allowing them to go through the urine or produce easier to remove surgery. Although less invasive, the eswl can be painful and leave the bruises on the back or stomach.

ureteroscopy may also be the possibility of treatment of kidney stones. In this procedure, the tube is inserted into the kidneys through the ureter, which allows urine to pass from the body and tool, aby were intersecting into an organ. When used with ESWL, Electrohydrauiic or laser lithotripsia, the stone can first be divided into pieces and then removed by the tube.