What Are the Hip Flexors?

Part of the lower limb muscles. It starts from the inside and outside of the trunk bone and pelvis, over the hip joint, and ends at the femur. According to their stops and functions, they can be divided into two groups: front (inside) and rear (outside). The anterior group stops at the front of the femur and is mainly hip flexing muscles. The posterior group stops at the back of the femur, which mainly rotates and abducts the hip joint.

Part of the lower limb muscles. It starts from the inside and outside of the trunk bone and pelvis, over the hip joint, and ends at the femur. According to their stops and functions, they can be divided into two groups: front (inside) and rear (outside). The anterior group stops at the front of the femur and is mainly hip flexing muscles. The posterior group stops at the back of the femur, which mainly rotates and abducts the hip joint.

Chinese name

Hip muscle

Location

Inside or outside of the pelvis

Classification

Can be divided into front and back groups

Function

Exercise hip

Hip muscle anatomy and composition

The anterior group includes the psoas muscle and diaphragm, and the posterior group includes three gluteal muscles, two obturator muscles, and diaphragm muscles, as well as latissimus dorsi, piriformis, and femoris.

Psoas major: Psoas major is located on both sides of the waist of the spine and forms part of the posterior abdominal wall. It starts from the side of each lumbar intervertebral disc, the lower edge and the upper edge of the side of the lumbar vertebra adjacent to the intervertebral disc, the tendon arch between the upper and lower edges of the same vertebra, and the lower edge of each lumbar vertebra process. The muscle bundles pass behind the inguinal ligament, and move forward in a concentrated downward motion toward the hip joint, ending in the femoral trochanter. This muscle is dominated by the branches of the lumbar plexus (L _{2 to 4} ) and receives blood supply from the branch of the iliac lumbar artery. Function: For pelvic flexor, lateral flexion of the waist, for femoral flexion of the pelvis; muscle contraction and the tendency of internal rotation of the thigh, but has not been confirmed by electromyography.

In addition, the psoas muscle starts from the side of the intervertebral disc between the last thoracic spine and the first lumbar spine and the lower and upper edges of the adjacent vertebrae. The anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve is dominated by the same blood supply as the psoas major muscle. Function: Tighten the plantar fascia.

diaphragm: the diaphragm is fan-shaped and located in the popliteal fossa. It starts from the upper 2/3 of the popliteal fossa, the inner lip of the iliac crest, the anterior phrenic ligament, and the pelvic surface near it. The muscle bundles are concentrated into tendons downward through the back of the inguinal ligament, merge into the lumbar great tendon from the posterolateral side, and stop at the trochanter. There is a subtendinary capsule between the diaphragm and the pelvic margin. The innervation and blood supply are the same as those of the psoas muscle. Function: It has the same effect on hip joint as psoas muscle.

Gluteus maximus: The gluteus maximus is square and covers most of the hips. It starts from the bony surface behind the tarsal wing, buttock, posterior zygomatic, back of zygomatic coccyx, and upper sacral nodule ligament. Its thick muscle bundle slants downwards and outwards; the upper muscle bundle stops at the iliotibial bundle from the rear, and the lower muscle bundle stops at the femoral gluteal muscle tuberosity. There is a gluteus maximus trochanteric capsule between this muscle and the greater trochanter. The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve (L5 to S2); it receives blood supply from the inferior gluteal artery. Function: Stretching thighs and externally rotating thighs. When stretched thighs, such as mountain climbing, the effect is more obvious.

Gluteus medius: The gluteus glutes is located above and outside the buttocks, and the inner and lower points are covered by the gluteus maximus, and there is an gluteal muscle capsule between the two muscles. This muscle starts from the bony surface between the front line of the metatarsal wing and the hip and the deep fascia covering the muscles; the muscle bundle is concentrated downwards into a tendon and stops at the oblique line outside the greater trochanter (separated from the greater trochanter by the gluteal muscle Trochanteric sac). The gluteal muscle is dominated by the superior gluteal nerve (L ₄ -S ₁ ); it receives blood supply from the superior gluteal artery. Function: Abducted thigh, anterior muscle can rotate thigh.

Gluteus minimus: The gluteus minimus is located on the deep side of the gluteus medius, with the gluteal muscle capsule between the two muscles. It starts from the bony surface between the anterior breech line and the lower breech line; it stops at the front of the greater trochanter, with the gluteal trochanteric sac in between. Its innervation and blood supply are the same as those of the gluteal muscle. Function: Internal rotation and abduction of thighs.

Latissimus fasciatus: The latissimus fasciatus is located in the hips, starting from the anterior iliac spine, sacroiliac nodules, and the outer lip and broad fascia. The length of the muscular abdomen is about 1/3 of the thigh. This muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4 to S1) and receives blood supply from the lateral femoral circumflex artery. Function: Assist in further stretching, assist knee extension when landing, and knee flexion when leaving the ground.

Most of the medial part of the piriformis muscle is located in the pelvis, starting from the bone surface between the anterior foramen of the zygomatic bone; the muscle bundles are concentrated laterally, moving through the foramen foramen, moving into tendons, ending at the highest point of the greater trochanter. The piriformis muscle is innervated to the piriformis nerve (S _{1 to 2} ), and is supplied by the branch of the superior gluteal artery in the pelvis. Function: external rotation, outreach.

The obturator obturator muscle is located in the pelvis, starting from the inner surface of the obturator and the surrounding bone surface, concentrated as a tendon, bypassing the small ischial notch, passing through the hip joint, and ending at the trochanter top Front of muscle stop. There is an obturator intramuscular sciatic sac between the tendon bypassing the small incision and the ischia; and an obturator subtendon sac between the joint and the back of the joint. After the obturator tendon emerges from the pelvis, it accepts two small muscles from the sciatic spine and the ischial tuberosity, the superior and inferior condyles, to merge. The superior diaphragm is innervated by the obturator nerve, and the lower diaphragm is innervated by the femoral muscle (L ₄ -S ₁ ). Both muscles receive blood supply from the inferior gluteal artery. Function: Make stock external rotation.

This muscle is located below and behind the hip joint, starting from outside and below the occlusive membrane. After the muscle turns, it passes above the joint and stops at the trochanter with a tendon. Between the tendon and the articular capsule, there is an obturator subtendon capsule. The obturator outer muscle is innervated by obturator nerves (L _{2 to 4} ) and receives blood from the obturator artery. Function: External rotation of thighs.

The patella femoris muscle is a square flat muscle that starts from outside the sciatic tubercle, the muscle bundle runs transversely, and stops at the transitional condyle. It is innervated to the femoral muscle (L ₄ to S ₁ ) and receives blood supply from the branches of the inferior gluteal artery. Function: External rotation.

Hip auxiliary structure

They all act on the hip joint and are dominated by the branches of the lumbar plexus; they receive blood supply from the branches of the sacroiliac artery, superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, and obturator artery, all of which are wall branches of the internal iliac artery.

Hip muscle related clinical diseases and treatment

1. Complex medulla paralysis is difficult to treat.

2. There are three types of traditional surgical methods for cases of sequelae of poliomyelitis with complex paralysis of the medulla muscle, namely, the use of the gluteal muscle itself to adjust, the use of the anterior hip muscle to strengthen the gluteal muscle and the use of the posterior dorsi muscle to replace the gluteal muscle or composite muscle Gluteus. Regardless of the method, only one set of hip muscles can be reconstructed. The surgical treatment of complex hip palsy requires multiple muscle replacements. The more the displaced muscles are used, the greater the effect on the body balance after surgery. The external oblique transfer is convenient, minimally invasive, and has no effect on the body balance after surgery. The problem of compound hip palsy can be solved at one time by fixing and displacing the legs on the front or back of the femoral trochanter.

3. The operation is performed under continuous epidural anesthesia or general anesthesia. Surgical approach and method of free external oblique muscle. In cases where the femur has been extended once, the internal fixation can be removed first. Think of a large tuberosity section as a semicircle. The frontal side is 0 degrees, the frontal side is 180 degrees, and the frontal side is 90 degrees. When both the extensor and extensor spinal cords are paralyzed, the shift key is fixed to the outer posterior side. When the extensor pulposus and flexor muscles are paralyzed, the shift key is fixed to the outer front side. After selecting the fixing point, drill a through-bone hole on the large tuberosity and insert the blood bamboo forceps to rotate to make the bone hole smooth. Direct the free end of the external abdominal muscles through the subcutaneous tunnel. If the fixed point is selected on the outer front side, maintain the mirror joint at 45 degrees abduction and bend forward 10 degrees, and then shift the fat bow! Through the bone hole for self-knitting suture. If the fixed point is selected on the outer posterior side, the medullary joint is maintained at a 45-degree abduction and a 15-degree extension. The plaster was fixed in the above position after surgery. After 3 to 4 weeks, the stitches were removed and fixed externally, and functional exercises were performed under the guidance.