What Are the Best Tips for Qualitative Data Collection?

Qualitative research method refers to a method or angle of studying things according to the inherent characteristics of things based on the attributes of social phenomena or things and contradictory changes in movement. To conduct qualitative research, we must directly grasp the main aspects of the characteristics of things based on certain theories and experience, and temporarily ignore the differences in homogeneity in quantity.

Qualitative research methods

It is based on the generally recognized axioms, a set of deductive logic, and a large number of historical facts. It starts from the contradiction of things and describes and explains the things studied. To conduct qualitative research, we must directly grasp the main aspects of the characteristics of things based on certain theories and experience, and temporarily ignore the differences in homogeneity in quantity.

Qualitative research has two

Quantitative research and qualitative research are the two main lines of social research. Compare these two research methods, clarify the differences and connections between these two research methods, so that we can understand these two research methods more deeply and accurately Grasp their respective advantages and limitations. Promote the development of social research methods to a deeper level.

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Qualitative research methods

Quantitative research means that the researcher establishes hypotheses in advance and determines various variables with causal relationships, and then uses some tested tools to measure and analyze these variables to verify the hypothesis predetermined by the researcher. The science and technology produced by the West since the Enlightenment made mankind achieve brilliant achievements in conquering nature and transforming nature. In the face of brilliant achievements, people's attitude towards science has been worshipped from love, and then scientism has formed. Under the guidance of scientism, both nature and people have become the objects of scientific methods, and science has become the master of the world. "Science is both a criterion for the rationality of knowledge and a measure for the legitimacy of knowledge. Only by entering the domain of science can knowledge be rational and obtain legitimacy" [1]. The prevalence of scientism in the social field has led to the inevitable necessity for quantitative research to govern social research.

German scholars Meiman and Rye proposed and founded "experimental sociology" in the early 20th century. They believed that the object of experimental sociology research should be the deduction of various social principles through experimental research and analysis of facts. To guide and accept the test of practice. At the same time, with the emphasis on children's research and the development of psychological theory, people have emphasized the use of strict observation, statistics, and experiments to study society. The "Intellectual Scale" announced by French psychologist Binay-Simon in 1905 marked the birth of the intelligence test movement. It has a profound impact on the "scientization" of modern society by means of quantitative descriptions of human intelligence. . Thandek proposed that "all beings are represented by a certain amount" [2], emphasizing the need to accurately and quantitatively process the information collected. From the early 20th century to the 1930s, most social studies were quantitatively oriented. This period can be said to be the heyday of quantitative research. With the advancement of science and technology, many modern technological achievements have been applied to the field of social research, and the status of quantitative research has been promoted once again. Skinner's "machine teaching" theory has further pushed the quantitative tendency in social research to the extreme. .

Qualitative research

There is no unified view on the definition of qualitative research. Qualitative research in foreign academic circles generally refers to "in the natural environment, in-depth and long-term studies of social phenomena using methods such as field experience, open interviews, participatory and non-participatory observations, literature analysis, and case investigations; The analysis method is based on induction, collecting first-hand information locally at that time, understanding the meaning of their actions and their views on things from the perspective of the parties, and then establishing hypotheses and theories on this basis, passing falsification and related tests Other methods to test the research results; the researcher himself is the main research tool, and the impact of his personal background and relationship with the researchee on the research process and results must be considered; the research process is an essential part of the research results "Must be documented and reported in detail" [3]. The so-called qualitative research methods that have prevailed in recent years actually belong to the category of qualitative research.

Qualitative research started in the 19th century and began to develop in the 1920s and 1930s as a result of social survey movements. Early qualitative research began with investigating actual issues in society. In the social survey movement, qualitative research is still a side job, and no one realizes its value. But this situation has changed due to the rise of anthropology. The rise of anthropology marks the beginning of qualitative research as an independent social practice. Anthropological research has gradually recognized qualitative research due to its emphasis on field investigation and ethnographic research.

With the development of anthropological research, the role of qualitative research in social research has begun to emerge. Rye proposed that emphasis should be placed on both quantitative and qualitative directions in classroom research. The real challenge to the quantitative tendency in social research is Waller. He believes that children and teachers are not a machine for teaching and learning, but a complete person who is inseparable from complex social ties. The school itself is a society because people live in it. Therefore, he advocates not using quantitative methods such as statistics to study society. In 1965, Piaget criticized the "psychological test", saying that it was meaningless to conduct only quantitative research and not subordinate to qualitative analysis. At the same time, American researchers submitted many papers using qualitative methods. A lot of dialogues between qualitative researchers and quantitative researchers appeared. Some researchers with a high reputation in the quantitative research community began to explore the characteristics and rules of qualitative research. And promote applications.

Qualitative research characteristics

Qualitative research has the following characteristics: (1) Emphasis on the study of research objects in natural situations rather than artificially controlled environments. (2) Pay attention to the relationship between researchers and research objects. Qualitative research believes that the relationship between the researcher and the research object is an "inter-subjectivity" relationship. The research process is a process of mutual interaction and mutual understanding between the two sides. . (3) Emphasize the understanding of the meaning of his actions and his views on things from the perspective of the parties (subjects of research), and establish a theory based on this. [5] (4) Emphasize the use of multiple methods, such as observation, interviews, physical collection, etc. to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the research issues. (5) Focus on "deep description" of research phenomena with words and words, and rarely use complex statistical methods (such as regression analysis, path analysis) to report their findings. (6) Qualitative research is an evolving process. In this process, the sampling of research, the direction of data collection, the focus of data analysis, and the way in which conclusions are constructed will change.