What Are Air Rights?

The right to air refers to the right of transit and the right to transport operations in international air transport. It is also referred to as the right to freedom of air transport business or air. It is an important aviation right of the country and must be safeguarded. When exchanging these rights and interests in international air transport, the principle of reciprocity is generally adopted. Sometimes a party may also propose higher exchange conditions or charge compensation fees for proper protection. Rights and interests of domestic aviation companies.

Air rights

The right to air refers to the right of transit and the right to transport operations in international air transport. It is also referred to as the right to freedom of air transport business or air. It is an important aviation right of the country and must be safeguarded. When exchanging these rights and interests in international air transport, the principle of reciprocity is generally adopted. Sometimes a party may also propose higher exchange conditions or charge compensation fees for proper protection. Rights and interests of domestic aviation companies.

Chinese name

Air rights

Also known as

International air transport operations or air freedom

Introduction

Important State Aviation Rights

Classification

Airspace overflight, technical stop right, etc.

After the Second World War, Western countries believed that control of the sky was very important when the war broke out. After the peace, the famous Chicago Agreement was signed in Chicago in 1944 on the issue of sky control. The agreement drafted a blueprint for negotiating air transport clauses between the two countries, which are still in use today.

First flight right: overflight right

Without landing, domestic aircraft can fly over the territorial airspace of the agreed country to other countries' destinations.

Example: Beijing-San Francisco, flying over Japanese airspace on the way, then you must sign overflight rights with Japan to obtain the first airway right, otherwise you can only fly around, increasing fuel consumption and flight time.

Second right of flight: right of technical suspension

Domestic aircraft can land and stop in the contracting country due to technical requirements (such as fuel addition, aircraft failure, or meteorological reasons), but they must not perform any business work such as loading and unloading passengers, cargo, and mail.

For example: Beijing to New York, if it is not possible to fly directly due to a certain aircraft type, it is necessary to land and refuel in Japan, but passengers and cargo are not allowed at the airport. At this time, it is necessary to sign a technical economic suspension right with Japan.

Third freedom: right of destination

Domestic aircraft may unload passengers, mail or cargo within the territory of the agreed country.

For example: Beijing to Tokyo, if the third freedom right is obtained, passengers and cargo carried by China Civil Aviation Aircraft can enter Hong Kong in Tokyo, but can only return by air.

Fourth freedom right: Passenger right at destination

Domestic airlines can carry passengers, mail or cargo within the territory of the agreed country.

For example: Beijing-Tokyo, if the fourth freedom right is obtained, the civil aviation plane of China can carry passengers, mail or cargo back to Beijing on the original plane.

Fifth navigation right: intermediate point right or extension right

Passengers and passengers can be picked up and dropped off at a third country's location as a transit point. The fifth freedom right is to negotiate with two or more countries.

For example: Singapore-Xiamen-Chicago, Singapore Airlines has the fifth freedom right, and can stop at Xiamen on the Singapore-Chicago route to load and unload passengers and cargo.

Sixth navigation right: bridge right

Domestic airlines can use the name of two routes to carry passengers and cargo from and to country A and B, but they must pass through their home country on the way.

For example: London-Seoul-Tokyo, Korean Air will transport passengers from the UK to Seoul after passing Seoul.

Seventh air traffic right: full third country transportation right

Domestic aircraft can carry passengers and cargo outside the border without returning to their home country. That is, the domestic aircraft indirectly carried passengers and cargo in countries A and B.

Example: London-Paris, operated by Lufthansa

Eighth traffic right:

Domestic aircraft can carry passengers and cargo to and from two different places within the country of the agreement country, but the aircraft uses its own country as the terminal.

Ninth Air Traffic Right: Domestic Transport Right

Domestic airlines can go to the contracting country for domestic route operations.