What is a Body Composition Scale?

Self-assessed health is an individual's subjective evaluation and expectations of their health status. This concept was first proposed by Suchman and others in 1958. Since then, many scholars have enriched and perfected this concept. One of the more universal health measurement methods in the world.

Self-test health rating scale

Self-assessed health is the subjective evaluation and expectation of an individual's health status. This concept was first proposed by Suchman and others in 1958. Since then, many scholars have enriched and perfected this concept. At present, self-assessed health has become One of the more universal health measurement methods in the world.

Chinese name

Self-test health rating scale

Foreign name

Self-rated Health Measurement Scale Versionl.0 (SRHMS)

Presentation time

1958

Presenter

Suchman et al

Make up

Self-tested physical and mental health, etc.

For people

All age groups over 14 years

Dimension

10 dimensions

Many previous studies only used a comprehensive self-assessment indicator (excellent, good, medium, and poor) to measure self-tested health. Many scholars believe that this measurement is too rough and incomplete to reflect the true meaning of self-tested health. In 1947, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed that health is not only free from disease and weakness, but also physically, psychologically, and socially intact. The health of an individual should be the sum of physical, mental, and social health. Xu Jun and others based on the definition of WHO's health, adapting the biomedical model to the physio-psycho-social medical model and the transformation of health measurement from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional, group to individual, negative to positive, absorbing the latest achievements of the humanities, Using Delphi method and on-site survey method, screening self-assessment health evaluation indicators from three aspects of physiology, psychology and society, and establishing a self-assessment health assessment scale (SRHMS) suitable for China's national conditions and cultural background The shortcomings of self-test health measurement in the past are relatively intuitive, comprehensive and accurate to reflect the true meaning of self-test health.

SRHMS is a self-assessment scale, consisting of three sub-scales of self-assessment, physical health, mental health, and social health. It is used to measure the health of various people (especially the general population) over the age of 14; it is from a quantitative perspective , More intuitive, comprehensive and accurate reflects the individual's health, and easy to manage and operate. Therefore, SRHMS can be widely used in many fields and is an effective method for health measurement.

Composition of SRHMS

SRHMS consists of 10 dimensions and 48 items, which are related to the physical, psychological, and social aspects of individual health. Among them, 1 to 18 items constitute the self-assessment physical health assessment subscale, and 19 to 34 items constitute the self-assessment mental health assessment. The subscale, 35 to 47 entries, constitutes a self-assessed social health assessment subscale. The composition of SRHMS is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 SRHMS dimension and its entry distribution

Distribution of number of dimension entries in SRHMS

Physical symptoms and organ function 7 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Daily life functions 5 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Physical activity function 5 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

Positive emotions 5 19, 20, 21, 22, 23

Psychological symptoms and negative emotions 7 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

Cognitive function 3 31, 32, 33

Role activities and social adaptation 4 35, 36, 37, 38

Social Resources and Social Contact 5 39, 40, 41, 42, 43

Social support 3 44, 45, 46

Overall Health Self-Test 4 18, 34, 47, 48

SRHMS score

Calculation of item score, dimension score, sub-scale score and total scale score

SRHMS's 48 items are scored in a simulated linear manner. The original score of each item is answered by marking on a 10cm line with two extreme points (such as "X"). Of the 48 entries, 37 were scored forward and 11 were scored backward. Because there are reverse-scoring entries, the original scores of the 48 entries need to be re-scored. The re-scoring of the forward-scoring entries is the same as the original score. The re-scoring of the reverse-scoring entries is equal to 10 minus the original score. The 10 dimensions of SRHMS include different items. The scoring method has three points in general: (1) there are 11 reverse scoring entries; (2) there are 37 positive scoring entries; (3) the overall self-tested dimension of health is the dimension The four entries in 10 do not participate in the calculation of sub-scale scores and total scale scores, and independent analysis will be performed in the form of categorical variables, such as the correlation criterion validity study. The dimension score, sub-scale score, and total scale score are calculated based on the re-scoring of 48 items. The specific calculation method is shown in Table 2 (omitted, see the following references)

The theoretical maximum value of each item is 10, and the minimum value is 0; the theoretical maximum values of the three sub-scales of self-assessed physical health, mental health, and self-assessed social health are as follows: It is 170, 150, 120, 440; the theoretical minimum is 0.

SRHMS scoring considerations

SRHMS needs marked entries

In the following cases, entries need to be marked to facilitate statistical analysis of the data.

(1) Participants mark two "X" s at different positions on a scale at the same time, and they can choose one of them as the score of the package and mark the entry at the same time;

(2) Participants mark three or more "X" s at different positions on a scale at the same time, and mark the item as a defect value;

(3) The answer given to an item by the subject is to mark u X at positions other than the two extremes of the ruler, and mark the item as a defect value;

(4) There are 11 entries with reverse scores, which should be marked;

(5) Items that have not been evaluated shall be marked as defect values.

Processing method of defect value

The above-mentioned defect values are handled in the statistical analysis of the data: if at least half of the entries in a dimension are answered, the total score of this dimension can be calculated; otherwise, the dimension will be considered Is the defect value. The specific method is to replace the score value of the unfilled items with the average score of the filled items in this dimension.

SRHMS test considerations

SRHMS is a self-assessment scale, which should be completed by the participants themselves, or the test of the scale should be completed through telephone interviews and face-to-face interviews. Before the test, the investigator should explain to the participants how to fill out the scale, and then let them conduct self-assessment independently and independently of anyone based on their understanding of each item. If the subjects cannot understand the content of the SRHMS test, they should not be used as the test object. If there are special circumstances (such as vision problems), the investigator can read the contents of the SRHMS to them one by one, and let them make independent assessments based on their understanding of the entry. The investigator cannot give prompt guidance. There are three points that need special attention in the SRHMS test: (1) It should be emphasized that the evaluation time of the entry is the past four weeks; (2) The testee should fill in the answer of the entry, such as "X", and carefully understand the meaning of the reverse scoring entry ; (3) When recycling the questionnaire, carefully check whether each entry has been filled in. If it is not completed, if possible, ask the reason.

Interpretation and Application Value of Self-Test Health Assessment Scale

Interpretation of SRHMS results

The score of SRHMS can directly reflect the health of the health. A high score indicates good health. For example, the high score of item 7 indicates that the body is light; the high score of the function of daily life indicates that the body performs better daily functions. The scoring results of each dimension, sub-scale and total scale can be compared with the norm to explain the practical significance of different scoring values. Research on norms of SRHMS is ongoing.

Application value of SRHMS

(1) It can be used to evaluate the health status of various people (especially the general population) over the age of 14;

(2) It can be used for clinical effect evaluation and community health care services

Changes in the health status of clinical patients are the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, and SRHMS is an effective tool for monitoring changes in patient health. Clinicians can use SRHMS to perform health measurements on patients with various diseases, and the health information obtained can be used as part of the content of hospital medical records, in order to track and study the patient's health during the treatment process. In the process of providing community health care services, general practitioners use the measurement results of SRHMS as the basic information for establishing personal and family health records in order to understand the health status of the general population in the community in a timely manner, and track and study the health changes of patients with chronic diseases in the community. Health services provide quantitative health reference information.

(3) Applicable to health decision-making departments, various insurance industries and occupational suitability tests

Health decision-making departments can use SRHMS to monitor the health of the population, evaluate the effectiveness of clinical medical care and community health services, assess the considerable burden of different diseases and health costs, and explore the main factors affecting the population's health and possible programs for health promotion. The health department formulates corresponding health care policies, rationally allocates health resources, and provides quantitative reference data. SRHMS is easy to operate, economical and practical, and can be widely used in various insurance industries such as medical insurance, endowment insurance, life insurance, etc. The insurance industry can apply SRHMS to quantitatively understand the basic health status of various types of people, combined with cost-benefit analysis, to provide a quantitative reference for determining the baseline value of insurance funds for corresponding groups. When selecting personnel, the labor and personnel department can use SRHMS to understand the health status of personnel, conduct preliminary occupational fitness tests, and select personnel required for the industry from multiple perspectives, including physical, psychological, and social.

Reliability, validity and crowd test results

trust level analysis

Retest reliability

Xu Jun et al. Used a beta version of SRHMS to test 403 individuals in the population, and retested 129 of them in one week intervals. The statistical results show that no matter it is the total score of the scale, the sub-scale score, or the 9-dimensional score, there is a high correlation between the two measurements; the correlation coefficient of SRHMS retest is 0.857, and the three sub-quantities of physiology, psychology and society Table retest correlation coefficients are 0.849, 0.791, and 0.815, respectively; the retest correlation coefficients for the nine dimensions range from 0.644 to 0.840.

Internal consistency coefficient

Field test results show that the Cronbach coefficients of SRHMS are 0.898, and the Cronbach coefficients of the three subscales of physiology, psychology, and society are 0.857, 0.847, and 0.815 respectively; the range of Cronbach coefficients of the nine dimensions is 0.600-0.885.

5.2 Validity Analysis

5.2.1 Content validity In the preliminary work of developing SRHMS, Xu Jun and others made extensive discussions on health evaluation, quantitative measurement of health, self-tested health and its application research, and proposed self-tested health Operable content standards, these became the basis for the development of SRHMS. The composition of SRHMS is based on extensive reference to the health measurement scales such as MOS, HIE, NHP, SIP, DUKE, WQB, MHIQ, SF-36 and other equivalent contents, and is finally determined using Delphi method and field survey . SRHMS draws on the advantages of different health measurement scales, and operates the concept of self-tested health from three aspects of physiology, psychology and society, which intuitively, comprehensively and accurately reflects the true meaning of self-tested health. Therefore, it can be considered that SRHMS has better content validity.

Structural validity

The correlation coefficients between the scores of each item and its dimensional scores are large (r are greater than 0.50), while the correlation coefficients with other dimensions are small.

5.2.2.2 Factor analysis Twelve principal components are selected for factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reaches 67.05%. After the maximum rotation of variance, we can know that: the first principal component is the function of daily life and physical activity; the second principal component is social resources and social contact; the third principal component and the seventh principal component are psychological symptoms and negative emotions; the fourth The principal component is positive emotions; the fifth principal component is cognitive function; the sixth, eighth, nine, and ten principal components represent physical symptoms and organ functions; the eleventh principal component is social support; the twelfth principal component is role activity Adapt to society. It can be seen that the structure of the scale is basically consistent with the design concept, which shows that SRHMS has better structural validity.

Standard validity

Because there is no gold standard, we use the items in the 10th dimension of SF-36 and SRHMS as the benchmark. The study found that the correlation coefficient between the total score of SRHMS and the total score of SF-36 is 0.487 (P <0.01; Correlation coefficients between the social health three-subscale score and the total score of the scale and the health self-assessment scores of the corresponding items were 0.646, 0.572, 0.605, and 0.591 (all of which were less than 0.01).

Crowd test results

Relevant research uses SRHMS to test people of different genders, education levels, occupations, residences, races, economic statuses, and marital status. The results suggest that different populations (such as patients recovering from mental illness, patients recovering from physical illness and the general population) There are differences in scores; deep-person analysis shows that there are differences in SRHMS scores among individuals of different ages, education levels, occupations, economic status, and family residence. The self-assessed health characteristics of different populations need further study.