What is thyroid medullary?
The
approximately 35,000 Americans are diagnosed with thyroid cancer per year and on average medullary thyroid cancer is approximately 3 percent of them. Unlike most thyroid cancer, thyroid carcinomas in paraffolical cells and the main indicator are overproduction of a hormone called calcitonin begin. Diagnoses are usually made by ultrasonographic aspirations with fine ultrasonography needle and nearby lymph nodes are also biopiced for metastases. There are four forms of thyroid medular cancer; Most of these forms require thyroidectomy, chemotherapy and external radiation, because medular has a worse prognosis than other thyroid cancer and repetition is more likely. Symptomologie se nemusí zpočátku vyskytnout; In the case of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (men) often do not appear any symptoms, but patients are not diagnosed because of the incidence in the family member, because this form is genetically carried susceptibility.
When there is aIIs are usually caused by excessive calcitonin and gene calcitonin products that occur as diarrhea and flushing of the skin often point to liver metastases. Physical examination can detect lump or knot on the base of the neck. There may also be problems with breathing, jaundice and abdominal pain and difficulty swallowing or voice changes due to nodes growth into nearby structures. Bones can also point to bone metastases; Other organs that are metastatic candidates are lungs, brain, lymph nodes and adrenal glands. Imreidectomy is the initial treatment recommended for these symptoms in all forms of thyroid cancer, with the exception of male syndromes.
Men's syndromes are highly familial and account for about 25 percent of thyroid cancer incidents such as a mutated gene determinant male-II, a genetically different depire-I-B and may have hyperparathyroidism and pheochomocytoma accompanying medical cancer. If PThe feochomocytoma rushing must be treated before thyroidectomy. Men-II-B will only have endocrine diseases of feochomocytoma and thyroid cancer. Another form of medal cancer is known as sporadic thyroid cancer; Approximately 60 percent of medular cancer is this type and in almost all cases is not at all. The remaining form of thyroid medullary carcinoma is also inherited by the type of cancer due to the gene mutation, but it is the least aggressive of all medal forms, although it sometimes metastasizes through blood and lymphatic systems to other organs.
After thyroidectomy, which includes the removal of the thyroid gland and nearby lymph nodes, aftercare consists mainly of some chemotherapies and regular tests on relapses. The use of radioactive iodine is not indicated as, unlike other thyroid cancers, medal cells of thyroid cancer are not cellular types that can absorb or respond to radioactive iodine. Outer therapyThe radiation beam is usually used to prevent recurrence and to provide palliative care for those who are not eligible for surgical procedure. Usually the annual chest X -rays and blood tests are marked to control excessive calcitonin.
The forecasts are related to the cancer stadium when they are discovered and treated. For the first phase, the five -year survival rate is 100 percent, for the second phase it is 98 percent, for the third phase it drops to 81 percent and in the fourth phase the five -year survival rate is 28 percent. The total percentage for 10 years of survival is 65 percent. Prognostic factors that could affect these numbers are advanced age, previous neck surgery and neoplasia men-II-B syndrome, all of which correlate with worse results. Of the morbidity statistics, the thyroid cancer rate is very similar in the United States.